Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ikoranabuhanga rya 4G na 5G?

3G – umuyoboro wa telefoni zigendanwa wo mu cyiciro cya gatatu wahinduye uburyo dukoresha itumanaho hakoreshejwe telefoni zigendanwa. Imiyoboro ya 4G yazamutse hamwe n’umuvuduko mwiza w’amakuru n’uburambe bw’abakoresha. 5G izabasha gutanga umuyoboro mugari wa telefoni zigendanwa kugeza kuri gigabit 10 ku isegonda ku muvuduko muto wa milisegonda nke.
Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya 4G na 5G?
Umuvuduko
Iyo bigeze kuri 5G, umuvuduko ni cyo kintu cya mbere abantu bose bishimira ikoranabuhanga. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya LTE rishobora gutanga amakuru agera kuri GBP 1 kuri interineti ya 4G. Ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rizafasha gutanga amakuru kugeza kuri GBP 5 kugeza kuri 10 kuri telefoni zigendanwa no hejuru ya GBP 20 mu gihe cyo kugerageza.

5G ishobora gushyigikira porogaramu zikoresha amakuru menshi nka porogaramu za 4K HD multimedia streaming, augmented reality (AR) na virtual reality (VR). Byongeye kandi, hakoreshejwe milimetero waves, igipimo cy'amakuru gishobora kwiyongera kirenze 40 GBP ndetse kikagera no kuri 100 GBP mu miyoboro ya 5G izaza.

Imiraba ya milimetero ifite umurambararo munini cyane ugereranije n'imirongo mito y'umurambararo ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya 4G. Iyo umurambararo uri hejuru, umuvuduko w'amakuru ushobora kugerwaho.
Gutinda
Ubutinda ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya interineti kugira ngo bapime gutinda kw'amapake y'ibimenyetso biva kuri node imwe bijya ku yindi. Mu miyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa, ishobora gusobanurwa nk'igihe amajwi ya radiyo atwara kugira ngo agende kuva kuri sitasiyo y'ibanze kugera kuri telefoni zigendanwa (UE) ndetse n'igihe gikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya interineti.

Ubutinde bw'umuyoboro wa 4G buri hagati ya milisegonda 200 na 100. Mu igerageza rya 5G, injeniyeri zashoboye kugera ku butinde buri hagati ya milisegonda 1 na 3. Ubutinde buke ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa byinshi by'ingenzi, bityo ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rikwiriye ibikorwa byo ku butinde buke.
Urugero: imodoka zitwara zonyine, kubaga kure, kubaga indege zitagira abapilote nibindi…
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

Kugira ngo 5G igere kuri serivisi zihuse cyane kandi zitinda cyane, igomba gukoresha amagambo agezweho yo gukoresha interineti nka millimeter waves, MIMO, beamforming, itumanaho ry’igikoresho hagati y’igikoresho n’uburyo bwuzuye bwa duplex.
Gusohora Wi-Fi nabyo ni ubundi buryo busabwa muri 5G bwo kongera imikorere myiza y'amakuru no kugabanya umutwaro ku masitasiyo ya base. Ibikoresho bigendanwa bishobora guhuza na LAN idafite umugozi kandi bigakora ibikorwa byose (ijwi n'amakuru) aho guhuza na sitasiyo za base.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya 4G na LTE rikoresha uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amajwi nka Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) na Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Kugira ngo harebwe zimwe mu mbogamizi muri gahunda za modulation za 4G, uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amajwi bwa Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni kimwe mu byitabwaho mu ikoranabuhanga rya 5G.
Imiterere y'urusobe rw'itumanaho
Mu bisekuru bya kera by’imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa, Radiyo Access Networks ziba hafi ya sitasiyo. RAN zisanzwe ziragoye, zisaba ibikorwa remezo bihenze, zibungabungwa buri gihe kandi imikorere yazo ni mike.

Ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rizakoresha Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) kugira ngo rirusheho gukora neza. Abakora itumanaho bashobora gutanga interineti yihuta cyane baturutse ku rubuga rwa interineti rukoresha radiyo rukoresha cloud.
interineti y'ibintu
Internet of Things ni irindi jambo rikomeye rikunze kuvugwaho cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya 5G. 5G izahuza amamiliyari y'ibikoresho na sensors za smart kuri interineti. Bitandukanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya 4G, network ya 5G izabasha gucunga amakuru menshi aturuka kuri porogaramu nyinshi nka smart home, imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IoT, ubuvuzi bwa smart, imijyi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga nibindi…

Indi mikoreshereze ikomeye ya 5G ni uburyo bwo gutumanaho hagati y’imashini n’imashini. Ibinyabiziga byigenga bizayobora imihanda y’ejo hazaza hifashishijwe serivisi zigezweho za 5G zoroshye.
Porogaramu za Narrow Band – Internet of Things (NB – IoT) nka smart lighting, smart meter, na smart parikingi, ikarita y’ikirere izakoreshwa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wa 5G.
Ibisubizo byizewe cyane
Ugereranyije na 4G, ibikoresho bya 5G bizaza bitanga ibisubizo bihoraho bihujwe, byizewe cyane kandi bikora neza cyane. Qualcomm iherutse gushyira ahagaragara modemu yayo ya 5G ku bikoresho bigezweho na mudasobwa bwite z'ejo hazaza.

5G izabasha guhangana n'umubare munini w'amakuru aturuka ku bikoresho bibarirwa muri za miriyari kandi umuyoboro ushobora kwagurwa kugira ngo uvugururwe. Imiyoboro ya 4G na LTE iriho ubu ifite imbogamizi mu bijyanye n'ingano y'amakuru, umuvuduko, gutinda no kwaguka kw'umuyoboro. Ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rizashobora gukemura ibi bibazo no gutanga ibisubizo bihendutse ku batanga serivisi n'abakoresha.