Iyo kubara kwegereye imipaka y'umuvuduko w'isaha, dukoresha imiterere y'ibintu byinshi. Iyo itumanaho ryegereye imipaka y'umuvuduko w'itumanaho, dukoresha sisitemu y'ama-antenna menshi. Ni izihe nyungu zatumye abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abahanga bahitamo antene nyinshi nk'ishingiro rya 5G n'izindi itumanaho ridafite umugozi? Nubwo itandukaniro ry'ahantu ari ryo ryabaye intandaro yo kongeramo antene ku dusanduku tw'ibanze, byavumbuwe hagati mu myaka ya 1990 ko gushyira antene nyinshi ku ruhande rwa Tx na/cyangwa Rx byafunguye andi mahirwe atari ateganijwe hamwe na sisitemu y'ama-antenna imwe. Reka noneho dusobanure uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi muri uru rwego.
**Gutunganya imirasire**
Beamforming ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze rishingiyeho ku ruhererekane rw'imiyoboro ya 5G. Hari ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwo gukora beamforming:
Gushushanya imirasire ya kera, izwi kandi nka Line-of-Sight (LoS) cyangwa gushushanya imirasire ya kamere
Guhindura imirasire rusange, bizwi kandi nka Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) cyangwa gukoresha imirasire mu buryo bwa virtual
Igitekerezo kiri inyuma y’ubwo bwoko bwombi bwo gushushanya imirasire ni ugukoresha antene nyinshi kugira ngo wongere imbaraga z’ibimenyetso ku mukoresha runaka, mu gihe ugabanya ibimenyetso biva ku masoko abangamira. Nk’ikigereranyo, ibyuma biyungurura imirasire bya digitale bihindura ibikubiye mu bimenyetso mu gice cy’amajwi mu buryo bwitwa spectral filtering. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, gushushanya imirasire bihindura ibikubiye mu bimenyetso mu gice cy’amajwi. Niyo mpamvu byitwa kandi spatial filtering.
Gutunganya imirasire y'umubiri bifite amateka maremare mu gutunganya ibimenyetso kuri sisitemu za sonar na radar. Bitanga imirasire nyayo mu mwanya wo kohereza cyangwa kwakira, bityo bifitanye isano ya hafi n'inguni yo kugera (AoA) cyangwa inguni yo kuvaho (AoD) y'ikimenyetso. Kimwe n'uko OFDM ikora imirasire ihurirana mu gice cy'amajwi, gushushanya imirasire ya kera cyangwa iy'umubiri bitanga imirasire ihurirana mu gice cy'amajwi.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora, gukoresha imirasire rusange cyangwa ikora amashusho bivuze kohereza (cyangwa kwakira) ibimenyetso bimwe bivuye kuri buri antene ya Tx (cyangwa Rx) hamwe n'ibyiciro bikwiye no kongera uburemere ku buryo imbaraga z'ibimenyetso ziyongera ku mukoresha runaka. Bitandukanye no kuyobora umurasire mu cyerekezo runaka, kohereza cyangwa kwakira bibaho mu byerekezo byose, ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukongeramo kopi nyinshi z'ibimenyetso ku ruhande rw'umukiriya kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zo gucika intege kw'inzira nyinshi.
**Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ahantu henshi**
Mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kwinjiza amakuru bugabanyijemo imirongo myinshi ihurirana mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, buri mugezi ugahita woherezwa ku miyoboro itandukanye ya Tx. Igihe cyose inzira z'imiyoboro ziturutse mu mfuruka zitandukanye kuri antene za Rx, nta sano zifitanye, tekiniki zo gutunganya ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga (DSP) zishobora guhindura igikoresho kidakoresha insinga mo imiyoboro yigenga ihurirana. Ubu buryo bwa MIMO bwabaye ikintu gikomeye gituma umubare w'amakuru mu buryo bugezweho wiyongera, kubera ko amakuru yigenga yoherezwa icyarimwe aturutse kuri antene nyinshi mu buryo bumwe. Algorithm zo gutahura nka zero forcing (ZF) zitandukanya ibimenyetso bya modulation n'interference y'izindi antene.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho, muri WiFi MU-MIMO, amakuru menshi yoherezwa icyarimwe ku bakoresha benshi baturutse kuri antene nyinshi zohereza ubutumwa.
**Gukora Kode mu Gihe cy'Umwanya**
Muri ubu buryo, hakoreshwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kwandika amakuru mu gihe na antene ugereranije na sisitemu imwe ya antene, kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kwakira amakuru nta gutakaza igipimo cy'amakuru kuri receiver. Kode z'igihe cyo mu mwanya wo hejuru zongera uburyo butandukanye bwo kureba aho ibintu biherereye nta gukenera gupima umuyoboro ku cyuma gitanga amakuru gifite antene nyinshi.
Concept Microwave ni uruganda rw'inzobere mu gukora ibice bya 5G RF bya sisitemu za Antena mu Bushinwa, harimo RF lowpass filter, highpass filter, bandpass filter, notch filter/band stop filter, duplexer, Power divider na directional coupler. Byose bishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye.
Murakaza neza kuri interineti yacu:www.concept-mw.comcyangwa utwandikire kuri:sales@concept-mw.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-29-2024